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Holy Trinity

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TraditionCatholicAbout →
Sourcing statusTradition default
Beliefs on file1231 positions
Statement of faithNot on file

Where they stand

Each position below is labelled by how it was sourced, so you can weigh it for yourself.

VerifiedConfirmed by the church

From their statement of faithEstimated, not verified

Tradition defaultEstimated, not verified

Showing 91 of 1231 positions across 18 topics. Expand any topic to see the rest.

God & the Trinity59 positions
  • Analogical LanguageStrongly affirmsTradition defaultHuman language about God is analogical: true but never capturing God univocally as it captures creatures.Estimated, not verified
  • Apophatic PriorityLeans toward affirmingTradition defaultWhat God is in himself is ultimately beyond human comprehension, so negative ("God is not...") statements are more reliable than positive ones.Estimated, not verified
Christ73 positions
  • Assumed Fallen Human NatureStrongly rejectsTradition defaultChrist assumed a fully fallen human nature (subject to the effects of the Fall) in order to heal it from within.Estimated, not verified
  • Assumed Unfallen Human NatureStrongly affirmsTradition defaultChrist assumed an unfallen, sinless human nature, untouched by original sin/corruption.Estimated, not verified
Sin & the fall64 positions
  • Adams Sin Brought Physical DeathStrongly affirmsTradition defaultPhysical death entered the human race as a consequence of Adam's sin; humans were not originally subject to death.Estimated, not verified
  • All Sin Deserves Death EquallyRejectsTradition defaultEvery sin, however small, deserves God's condemnation/death: there is no class of sin that does not by nature merit it.Estimated, not verified
Salvation76 positions
  • Active Obedience ImputedStrongly rejectsTradition defaultChrist's lifelong law-keeping (his "active obedience"), not only his death, is imputed to the believer as their positive righteousness.Estimated, not verified
  • Annihilationism Conditional ImmortalityStrongly rejectsTradition defaultThe finally lost are ultimately destroyed/cease to exist rather than suffering everlasting conscious torment (annihilationism / conditional immortality).Estimated, not verified
The Holy Spirit57 positions
  • Anointing For Special MinistryAffirmsTradition defaultThe Spirit grants a special "anointing" empowering particular individuals for ministry beyond the common indwelling.Estimated, not verified
  • Assurance Is Normal For BelieversStrongly rejectsTradition defaultSettled assurance of salvation is normal and to be expected for genuine believers in this life.Estimated, not verified
  • Blasphemy Against Spirit UnforgivableStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThere is a specific sin against the Holy Spirit that is unforgivable.Estimated, not verified
  • Deliverance Ministry NormativeAffirmsTradition defaultCasting out demons (deliverance ministry) should be a normal, expected part of the church's ministry today.Estimated, not verified
  • Entire Sanctification Second WorkRejectsTradition defaultThere is a second, instantaneous work of grace after conversion in which the Spirit purifies the heart from the sin nature (entire sanctification / Christian perfection).Estimated, not verified
  • Father Sole Cause Of SpiritRejectsTradition defaultThe Father alone is the single ultimate cause (monarchia) of the Spirit's eternal origination.Estimated, not verified
  • Filioque Creedal Addition LegitimateStrongly affirmsTradition defaultAdding "and the Son" to the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed was a legitimate clarification the whole Church may accept.Estimated, not verified
  • Filioque Double ProcessionStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe Holy Spirit eternally proceeds from the Father AND the Son (filioque).Estimated, not verified
  • Filling Is Repeatable CommandLeans toward rejectingTradition defaultBeing "filled with the Spirit" is a repeatable, commanded experience distinct from the one-time indwelling.Estimated, not verified
  • Fruit More Than Gifts Is The EvidenceAffirmsTradition defaultThe fruit of the Spirit (love, joy, peace, etc.) is the truest evidence of the Spirit's presence, more than the spectacular gifts.Estimated, not verified
  • Gift Of Healing ContinuesAffirmsTradition defaultThe gift of supernatural healing operates through believers today.Estimated, not verified
  • Indwelling Via Baptism Or SacramentStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe Spirit's indwelling is conferred chiefly through the sacrament of baptism (and/or chrismation/confirmation).Estimated, not verified
  • Inner Light AuthoritativeStrongly rejectsTradition defaultThe Spirit's direct inner light within each person is a primary and sufficient source of religious truth and direction.Estimated, not verified
  • Lack Of Healing Implies Lack Of FaithStrongly rejectsTradition defaultWhen prayed-for healing does not occur, the usual explanation is insufficient faith on the part of those involved.Estimated, not verified
  • Miraculous Gifts CeasedRejectsTradition defaultThe miraculous/sign gifts (prophecy, tongues, healings, miracles) ceased with the apostolic age and are not normative today.Estimated, not verified
  • Modern Prophets Speak With Scripture AuthorityStrongly rejectsTradition defaultRecognized prophets today can speak with binding, Scripture-level authority over the church.Estimated, not verified
  • Office Of Apostle Prophet RestoredStrongly rejectsTradition defaultThe governing offices of apostle and prophet have been restored and should lead the church today.Estimated, not verified
  • Oneness One Person Three ManifestationsStrongly rejectsTradition defaultGod is one indivisible person who manifests successively or simultaneously as Father, Son, and Spirit, rather than three eternally distinct persons.Estimated, not verified
  • Public Tongues Require InterpretationStrongly affirmsTradition defaultPublic tongues-speaking in the gathered assembly must be accompanied by interpretation or remain silent.Estimated, not verified
  • Regeneration Monergistic By SpiritStrongly rejectsTradition defaultRegeneration is monergistic: the Spirit gives new life before and apart from any cooperating act of the human will.Estimated, not verified
  • Sanctification Is Spirit Empowered CooperationStrongly affirmsTradition defaultSanctification is the Spirit's ongoing work in which the believer actively cooperates ("walk by the Spirit").Estimated, not verified
  • Sinless Perfection AttainableRejectsTradition defaultBy the Spirit, a believer may reach a state of entire freedom from conscious/willful sin in this life.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Active In CreationStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe Holy Spirit was personally active in the creation of the world.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Baptism At ConversionAffirmsTradition defaultBaptism in/with the Holy Spirit happens at conversion and is identical with becoming a Christian: not a separate later event.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Baptism For Empowerment Not SalvationRejectsTradition defaultSpirit-baptism is primarily for power/empowerment for witness and service, distinct from the saving work that makes one a believer.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Can Be Lost By ApostasyStrongly affirmsTradition defaultA person genuinely indwelt by the Spirit can lose that indwelling through apostasy or grave sin.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Distinct HypostasisStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe Spirit is a distinct hypostasis/person, genuinely other than the Father and the Son, not merely a mode or aspect of the one God.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Effects RegenerationStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe new birth (regeneration) is a work the Holy Spirit accomplishes in the believer.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Empowers All Believers PriesthoodAffirmsTradition defaultThe Spirit gifts and empowers every believer for ministry (priesthood of all believers), not a clerical class alone.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Eternal And UncreatedStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe Holy Spirit is eternal, without beginning, and shares the one uncreated divine nature.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit From Father Through SonLeans toward affirmingTradition defaultThe Spirit proceeds from the Father THROUGH the Son (per Filium), not from the Son as a co-cause.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Given Through Laying On Of HandsStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe Spirit is characteristically imparted or stirred up through the laying on of hands.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Gives Charisms To OfficesStrongly affirmsTradition defaultOrdination/consecration confers a specific charism of the Spirit for church office (priest, bishop, presbyter).Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Gives Gifts Sovereignly Not By SeekingAffirmsTradition defaultThe Spirit distributes gifts sovereignly as He wills, so believers cannot simply claim or work up a particular gift.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Gives Inner AssuranceRejectsTradition defaultThe Spirit gives believers a direct inner witness assuring them they are God's children.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Grace Irresistible In ElectRejectsTradition defaultThe Spirit's saving, regenerating grace is ultimately irresistible in those God has chosen.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Grieved And ResistibleStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe Spirit can be resisted, grieved, and quenched by human beings.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Guarantees Church InfallibilityStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe Spirit so guides the Church's official teaching that it can be preserved from error (infallibility) on matters of faith.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Guidance Subordinate To ScriptureStrongly affirmsTradition defaultAny present-day prompting attributed to the Spirit must be tested by and remain subordinate to the written Scripture.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Homoousios With Father SonStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe Spirit is of the same essence (homoousios) as the Father and the Son.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Illumines ReaderAffirmsTradition defaultThe Spirit must internally illumine a reader for Scripture to be rightly understood and received as God's word.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Impersonal Divine EnergyStrongly rejectsTradition defaultWhat Scripture calls "the Holy Spirit" is best understood as God's impersonal power or presence-in-action rather than a third "who."Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Indwells Every BelieverStrongly affirmsTradition defaultEvery true believer is permanently indwelt by the Holy Spirit from the moment of conversion.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Inspired ScriptureStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe Holy Spirit is the divine author who inspired the writers of Scripture.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Is Bond Of LoveStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe Spirit can be rightly described as the mutual love or bond (vinculum amoris) between the Father and the Son.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Is Created BeingStrongly rejectsTradition defaultThe Holy Spirit is a created being or the highest creature, not eternal and uncreated.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Is Fully GodStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe Holy Spirit is fully and truly God, equal in divine essence to the Father and the Son.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Is Personal AgentStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe Holy Spirit is a distinct personal agent (who can be grieved, speaks, wills, and intercedes), not merely an impersonal force or energy.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Is World Soul Or ImmanentStrongly rejectsTradition defaultThe Holy Spirit is essentially the immanent divine presence pervading nature and the cosmos (a world-indwelling Spirit) more than a transcendent personal third.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Proceeds From FatherStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe Holy Spirit eternally proceeds from the Father.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Seals Believer PermanentlyStrongly rejectsTradition defaultThe Spirit "seals" the believer as a permanent guarantee of final salvation that cannot be undone.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Speaks Through Church CouncilsStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe Spirit authoritatively speaks through the decisions of the Church's councils ("it seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us").Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Subordinate In RankStrongly rejectsTradition defaultThe Spirit is genuinely subordinate to the Father and the Son in rank or authority, not merely distinct in role.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Works Savingly Outside Visible ChurchAffirmsTradition defaultThe Spirit works savingly in people who are outside the visible institutional church, including beyond explicit Christian profession.Estimated, not verified
  • Spirit Worthy Of WorshipStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe Holy Spirit is rightly worshiped and glorified together with the Father and the Son.Estimated, not verified
  • Spiritual Gifts For Corporate EdificationStrongly affirmsTradition defaultSpiritual gifts exist primarily to build up the gathered body, not for individual display or status.Estimated, not verified
  • Tongues Are Known Human LanguagesRejectsTradition defaultWhen exercised genuinely, tongues are real, existing human languages (xenoglossy), not unintelligible utterance.Estimated, not verified
Show fewer in The Holy Spirit
The Church85 positions
  • Apostolic Succession Required For Valid MinistryStrongly affirmsTradition defaultA minister's ordination is only VALID if conferred by a bishop standing in apostolic succession.Estimated, not verified
  • Apostolicity Is Doctrinal Not SuccessionalStrongly rejectsTradition defaultApostolicity consists primarily in fidelity to apostolic DOCTRINE, not in an unbroken chain of ordinations from the apostles.Estimated, not verified
Sacraments & ordinances83 positions
  • Age Of Accountability Before BaptismStrongly rejectsTradition defaultBaptism should wait until a person reaches an age of accountability and can repent and believe for themselves.Estimated, not verified
  • Anointing For Healing PracticeStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe church should anoint the sick with oil and pray over them for healing (per James 5).Estimated, not verified
Worship & liturgy71 positions
  • Altar Call InvitationStrongly rejectsTradition defaultA public invitation/altar call inviting people to come forward to receive Christ or rededicate is a fitting close to worship.Estimated, not verified
  • Altar Oriented ArchitectureStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe worship space should be ordered around an altar/holy table as its visual and theological focus.Estimated, not verified
Last things64 positions
  • A Literal Mark Of The Beast Is ComingAffirmsTradition defaultA literal future "mark of the beast" will be imposed as a condition of economic participation.Estimated, not verified
  • All Will Finally Be SavedStrongly rejectsTradition defaultIn the end all rational creatures will be reconciled to God and none will be finally lost (universal reconciliation/apokatastasis).Estimated, not verified
Scripture73 positions
  • Authority Creeds SubordinateRejectsTradition defaultThe ecumenical creeds and confessions are authoritative only insofar as they faithfully summarize Scripture.Estimated, not verified
  • Authority Holy Tradition OrthodoxAffirmsTradition defaultScripture is rightly read only within Holy Tradition: the Fathers, councils, liturgy, and consensus of the Church.Estimated, not verified
Revelation, creation & science51 positions
  • Adam Special Creation From DustStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe first human was specially and directly created by God from the dust, not biologically descended from earlier hominins.Estimated, not verified
  • Angels Created BeingsStrongly affirmsTradition defaultAngels and other spiritual beings are part of God's created order, made by God.Estimated, not verified
Life & bioethics80 positions
  • Abortifacient Contraception WrongStrongly affirmsTradition defaultMethods that can prevent implantation of an already-fertilized embryo (e.g., certain IUDs, emergency contraception) are morally equivalent to early abortion and impermissible.Estimated, not verified
  • Abortion A Protected RightStrongly rejectsTradition defaultAccess to abortion is a fundamental right that should be legally protected.Estimated, not verified
Sexuality & marriage76 positions
  • Abortifacient Contraception WrongStrongly affirmsTradition defaultContraceptive methods that may act after fertilization (potential abortifacients) are morally wrong even if other contraception is permitted.Estimated, not verified
  • Annulment Recognizes Invalid MarriageStrongly affirmsTradition defaultSome unions that appeared to be marriages were never valid marriages, and the church can rightly declare them null (annulment).Estimated, not verified
Society & politics65 positions
  • Active Nonviolent Resistance ObligatoryAffirmsTradition defaultChristians should actively resist injustice through nonviolent means (protest, civil disobedience, noncooperation), not merely abstain from violence.Estimated, not verified
  • Almsgiving Is A Binding ObligationStrongly affirmsTradition defaultGiving to the poor is a binding moral obligation, not optional charity, and to withhold from the needy is a sin.Estimated, not verified
Angelology Demonology69 positions
  • Angelic Fall Caused By PrideStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe angels fell primarily through pride: refusing subjection to God / seeking to exalt themselves.Estimated, not verified
  • Angelic Fall Predates Human FallStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe angelic rebellion occurred before the fall of humanity, and the serpent's temptation issued from an already-fallen angel.Estimated, not verified
Anthropology65 positions
  • Body Essential To PersonStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe body is essential to being a complete human person, not an accidental or dispensable container for the soul.Estimated, not verified
  • Body GoodStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe material human body is intrinsically good as created by God.Estimated, not verified
Covenant Law Israel43 positions
  • Abrahamic Covenant Foundational And OngoingStrongly affirmsTradition defaultThe Abrahamic covenant is foundational and its promises remain operative for the people of God today.Estimated, not verified
  • Baptism Replaces Circumcision Covenant SignStrongly affirmsTradition defaultBaptism is the New Covenant counterpart to circumcision, marking entrance into the covenant community.Estimated, not verified
Mariology Saints77 positions
  • All Believers Are SaintsRejectsTradition default"Saints" in the New Testament sense means all believers, not a special canonized class.Estimated, not verified
  • Altar Relics Required Or ProperStrongly affirmsTradition defaultIt is fitting (or required) that altars contain the relics of saints.Estimated, not verified

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